Sweet treats for the literary, the musical, the feminine, and the generally filthy.
Showing posts with label read. Show all posts
Showing posts with label read. Show all posts

Monday, August 18, 2014

DO BETTER, AMERICA

I have to spill some thoughts on a couple of current issues that should outrage EVERYBODY. As Americans, we are receiving messages from other citizens as well as the authorities that black teenagers and women do not have the same rights on the streets as white people and men.

There are indications that what we wear and how we dress in some way gives others the right to harass, molest, assault, or kill people. It's an ancient type of American fear: women who call attention to themselves by being too intellectual, too physically attractive, or simply occupying space at a certain time of day have been shamed, prosecuted, and killed publicly; black teenagers who wear clothing at a certain angle, walk with a certain gait, or again occupy space at a specific time are being stopped and gunned down in a shower of bullets. 

There are precedents set for this type of fear that explain but do not excuse the heavy-handed reaction to the so-called provocations. For example, the pop-culture smear of young black men dating back to slave-era was essentially white men's fear that their power would be challenged; in short, the fear of mutiny through physical violence or by procreating with white women. Young black men were dehumanized, though these fears (of their violent oppression being challenged and the blood of the white race being "tainted") are so ancient and reptilian that the so-called "civilized" white men were really just showing their true colors (so to speak.) Who really ends up looking like the big, dumb, animals? (To say nothing of the bull that escaped a slaughterhouse in Baltimore this summer, and while apparently peacefully trotting through the city, was gunned down by police in a shower of bullets in a civilian-populated area.) The war on women is equally as ancient, pretty much dating back to the days of Christianity when the Bible was widely interpreted to suggest that God was a man, who had a son who would save everyone's soul from the sins of a woman who corrupted men. In America, women who were curious or in any way stepped outside of the oppressive normative behavior required them by the men in charge could be killed.

While the events in Ferguson, MO are alarming to say the least, I am anxious for more actual facts to come to light. We need more information from the protestors, because as we know, just about every media outlet is owned by special-interest groups tied to powerful politicians or corporations. However, it does not diminish the need for the country to DEMAND that police be held responsible for their actions. (Editorial: Maybe we need to stop letting all the dumb jock high school dropouts swing their dicks around with impunity?) Based on America's history, I find it more likely that the police are panicking and over-reacting to peaceful protests (especially incriminating is their denial of media coverage and threats to those peacefully documenting), but that does not mean it is impossible that a few protestors have broken off from the peaceful crowd and instigated violence, thereby negating the righteousness of their cause. Of course, protestors will speak loudly to defend the cause, saying no one threw anything, therefore the escalation of the police response, ie. the rubber bullets, is entirely unjust. And of course the police will respond by saying they were provoked in such a way as to increase the severity of their response. Of course, of course. So everyone's saying exactly what they should be saying, and everyone is weighing in exactly as they ought to. We are quick to judge, quick to condemn, quick to defend. So if you don't want to hear the enflamed rhetoric of people on either side, howsabout we not engage commenters by using perhaps soon-to-be-discredited facts or allegations to prove this or that, or else we end up playing into our own stereotypes, and our society progresses to an absolute zero, stalemate game. Instead, let's continue to READ READ READ, watch the videos, spread information not opinions. An 18 year-old boy or man, depending on which side is speaking, is dead, and we need people to do their jobs properly to find out why, and what steps need to be taken to halt this trend.

It makes me angry when protestors loot and throw rocks, but it doesn't surprise me. In every mob, no matter how righteous the cause or seemingly united the group, there will always be a few whose greed and selfishness take over. It is those few who should be punished, NOT the cause, and not the others who are still non-violently protesting. People lose focus in a mob, which often becomes its own animal with its own set of unpredictable behaviors. But without our numbers, we cannot effect change as quickly.

It makes me angry too when we fail to defend and protect each other from injustice by spreading it ourselves. I'm going to shift my scope from public news to my own personal experience, because in the end that's what I have when it comes to the question of gender. We've been seeing a lot of attention paid to the issue of street harassment, and it's incredibly liberating to see so many people of BOTH genders finally addressing this. A friend posted this article on his facebook page that urges men to be active rather than passive bystanders to street harassment. The most common reaction I get from my male friends when I relate my latest story of street harassment is, "Do they actually think that will work?" Meaning, do the harassers think this is the way to have sex with a woman? But it almost *never* feels sexually-charged to me, rather it feels like being bullied at school when someone pushes you against a locker and speaks into your face at close-range. That behavior could also appear sexually-charged if it were between genders, but somehow we know it's not. 

Intimidation comes in many forms that often do not include overt physical contact. We're taught in sexual harassment education courses at work and school that sexual harassment is a blanket term that includes many different types of behavior ranging from the non-verbal to unwanted physical contact. This street harassment is an intimidation method, which again stems from fear. These men have a psychological problem, and they are taking it out on others, just like your bully from school who was probably under great emotional stress at home and was displacing his aggression and anger onto classmates. 

(Editorial: this is why I think the whole anti-bully initiative should focus on, perhaps, anti-CHILD ABUSE which is often what produces bullies to begin with!! Hitting your child is not RAISING your child, and should be a prosecutable offense. I heard a women outside the library today bitching about how a shop owner told her she could not threaten her child in the store, and how she responded, "Lemme tell YOU somethin, how I raise my child..."blah blah blah. I've heard parents say, "It worked for me, it works for my kids!" But what about the maxim that violence indicates a failure of words? Or in the case of child-raising with which I admittedly have no experience, perhaps a failure of boundary-setting or consequence-education? When we resort to violence, we exhibit animal tendencies, which triggers a whole series of animal-like behaviors in children who are learning from us how to treat others. We have access to faculties that negate the need for physical violence, so why don't we f--ing USE them?)

Men need to be watchdogs for each other, and call each other out on this kind of behavior: "It does not make you more manly. No one else is impressed. You are making a fool of yourself and your gender." We should be celebrating the men who speak out against this, who are using their historically-bestowed power in society to take steps towards gender equality, just as white people with their inherited power should be using it to take steps towards racial equality. Positive reenforcement. Works with kids, works with your pets, works with adults.

Women also need to be supporters of each other. I was confused then disappointed when a female writer I was complimenting then asked me, "Is that sexy dress you're wearing working?" Confused, I responded in my usual sassy Mae West voice, "Honey, it's workin' overtime!" But that's not what she meant, so she persisted: "Is it getting the desired reaction? Who are you wearing it for?" and then I met her with a steely gaze and said, "Myself. I'm wearing it to feel good, because I like how it looks on me and how it makes me feel, and I'm wearing it because it makes me feel good." Turned out I had been in conversation with a man she herself desired, and that's how she was handling herself, at 40-some years old. Grow up, bitch. 

And grow up America. Use your words. Don't hit. Don't bully. Find a passion. Take care of your people. Read books. Develop empathy. Do better.


Monday, April 8, 2013

How to Write Effectively Part I: Pre-Drafting an Essay

When students in this country begin writing in college, they are likely to become aware of some bad writing habits they've picked up. This may be because whatever high school they attended did not  enforce good writing habits, or they failed to take good pieces of advice seriously. Face it--senior year we all just want to get the f-- out of there. Understandably.

However, good writing is not just valuable for pleasing a professor. Consider the reason we attend school at all. It is to learn, to improve, to expand consciousness and examine up close the canon of information and intelligence we have inherited. And once we have done this, we are invited to apply our talents in the outside world, that is, beyond the classroom.

But still many students fail to see how good writing habits are connected to their particular field of study. What, for example, does proper comma usage have to do with politics, math, or business?
Consider this sentence: "The candidate owing to some scandal has dropped out of the race."

Without the comma bracketing the absolute phrase "owing to some scandal," a reader may first be confused by the phrase "The candidate owing." It is not clear, with the form "owing" if that is the verb following the subject, "the candidate," or if it is the start of an egregious sentence fragment. Then although logically we know that scandals do not have the power to drop out of anything, it is confusing to see "some scandal has dropped out of the race." We may have to read the sentence a couple times before we realize that some punctuation is missing, obscuring meaning. And after all, isn't that the point of writing, to communicate meaning?


Read more, write better.
Again, you may say, logically no reader would assume these errors are literal. But then we come to the true goal of writing: communicating meaning quickly and simply. We cannot use ESP, so we are obliged to spell it out. We do not want our readers having to spend time reading a sentence twice for a meaning that is quite simple. We do want them to be propelled to the next sentence as we lead them through a path of thought.

Remember also that you are being judged for your writing skills. How you write says a lot about you as a thinker. Do you skip steps in logic? Do you fail to address contradicting points of view? Do you ignore your reader, or disrespect him/her by obscuring your meaning with inflated structure? Good writing could literally mean the difference between getting the job or not, winning a grant/fellowship/spot on the board, or winning the girl/guy. I get asked all the time: what's the best and quickest way to become a better writer? And I respond:

"READ."

I have been a writing tutor now nearly four years, working with students both undergrad and graduate, both native English-speaking and otherwise, and I have found that there are a number of very common misunderstandings about written expression. Many students after my sessions have asked for a business card. As I am employed through the college, and have little outside time, I don't have such a trinket. I do, however, have this forum where I can maybe try to compile and address a few of these standards and why they are worth following.

I will start with the beginning of any writing assignment:

Pre-Writing

 A misnomer. It involves writing too. Our heads contain an impressive sandstorm of thoughts, ideas, intuition, distractions, and embedded cultural norms as well as leftover primal patterns. When we are concentrating on a particular subject, the thought filaments are flying around like bats out of hell, and the only way to pin them down is to drag them out and slap 'em on paper. They suddenly appear before us in all their simple glory, isolated from the clusterfuck that is our brain.

Once we look at an idea, several more pop up in us. Drag 'em out, pin 'em down. Look at the two ideas you've just written. How are they related? Does one support the other? Is it a more specific part of the first idea? Does it refute the first thought?

There are dozens of ways to organize a brainstorm session. I find myself organizing differently based on the ideas, the assignment, whatever. Some topics are going to be more complex than others, and I say the more complex the ideas, the simpler your outline should be. I have found the following outline structures to be helpful in different situations:

1. Traditional hierarchical outline:
-->

OUTLINE TITLE

Introduction
   I            The first sub-topic
n     A.     First supporting information for the sub-topic
n     B.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
n     C.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
                II    The second sub-topic
n     A.     First supporting information for the sub-topic
n     B.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
n     C.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
           III    The third sub-topic
n     A.     First supporting information for the sub-topic
n     B.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
n     C.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
            IV    The fourth sub-topic
n     A.     First supporting information for the sub-topic
n     B.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
n     C.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
                V    The fifth sub-topic
n     A.     First supporting information for the sub-topic
n     B.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
n     C.      Second supporting information for the sub-topic
conclusion:
Type conclusion notes on this page.





Checklist For Writing an Outline

Organization
The introduction states the main topic or idea of the outline.
Each paragraph in your paper has a sub-topic.
Each sub-topic describes the main idea for a paragraph.
Supporting information and details for a sub-topic are listed under the sub-topic
Each piece of supporting information is listed separately.
When supporting information is listed under a sub-topic, there are at least two pieces of information in the list. If there is only one piece of information to support a sub-topic, the information is inlcuded in the sub-topic.
The conclusion summarizes the main idea of the outline.

(Note that this outline contains more sections than the old 5-Paragraph Essay you learned in middle/high school. When you get to college you can remove the training wheels.)


The advantages to this form of outline is that you remember to order the more general ideas first and the specific aspects of those ideas second:




  ---> Can be used for tracking multiple possible outcomes of your ideas. For example, if we assume the green light at Daisy's property in The Great Gatsby represents money, then we could assume that by staring obsessively at it, Gatsby's desire for her is linked to his desire for money. However, if we assume it is the green of youth, naivete and carelessness, then perhaps his desire for her is linked to his desire for youth. By examining each of the possibilities, boom--you have multiple subtopics to address and examine in your paper, filling up not only space in the paper you were supposed to hand in yesterday, but also demonstrating thoroughness of thought.

3. Venn Diagram (good for a comparative essay, good for the visually-oriented)


4. Spider graph 

You want your outline to be easily read--by YOU! So however you can read and then re-decipher your thoughts when you return to the outline is up to you. Most professors never ask to see this (unless you're in an academic writing class), so you can even use pictures if you think that way.


If you know you have trouble thinking and writing at the same time, consider finding a friend or visiting your friendly Writing Center for a tutor to help you with this. Remember that if you do consult a tutor, they are helping you do your work, not doing it for you. You are the expert on your subject because you've been taking the class. Bring all your materials from class, a copy of the assignment sheet, and a positive attitude.

This stage in writing is very important, because you are able to interact messily with your ideas as they form together, instead of trying to do this simultaneously in full, complete, grammatically correct sentences. Even if you are adept with writing assignments, this strategy will allow you to appraise the organization and logical flow of your ideas before you begin brilliantly cataloging them in sentence form.

Happy outlining! :)